In Linux, common programs and system utilities are typically installed in specific directories as part of the Linux filesystem hierarchy. While the exact locations may vary depending on your Linux distribution, many programs follow a common convention. Here are some common program locations in Linux:

1. /bin: This directory contains essential system binaries and commands needed for the system to boot and run in single-user mode. Core utilities like ls, cp, mv, rm, and cat are found here.

2. /sbin: Similar to /bin, /sbin contains system binaries, but these are typically administrative commands that require superuser (root) privileges to execute. Commands like ifconfig and reboot are located here.

3. /usr/bin: User-level binaries are stored in this directory. Most of the programs and applications installed on your system are found here. For example, you'll find text editors like nano, web browsers like firefox, and office suites like libreoffice here.

4. /usr/sbin: Like /usr/bin, this directory contains system binaries that require administrative privileges but are not essential for the system's basic functionality.

5. /usr/local/bin and /usr/local/sbin: These directories are used for programs and scripts that are not part of the default Linux distribution but are installed locally by the system administrator or users.

6. /usr/share: Shared data and architecture-independent files used by various programs and libraries are stored here. This includes documentation, icons, and other resources used by applications.

7. /etc: Configuration files for system-wide settings and applications are stored in this directory. Each program typically has its own subdirectory for configuration files.

8. /var: Variable data, including logs, databases, and spool files, is located here. For instance, log files like /var/log/syslog and /var/log/auth.log are stored here.

9. /tmp: Temporary files that are meant to be used and discarded by programs are placed in this directory.

10. /home: User home directories are located here, and each user has their own subdirectory under /home. For example, the home directory for the user "john" would be /home/john.

11. /root: The home directory for the superuser (root) is /root. This is where the root user's configuration files and data are stored.

12. /opt: Additional software packages and applications that are not part of the base system can be installed in this directory. It's often used for third-party software.

13. /usr/games: Games and game-related binaries are typically stored here.

14. /usr/lib and /lib: These directories contain shared libraries and dynamic link files needed by programs to run. /usr/lib contains libraries for user-installed software, while /lib contains core system libraries.

15. /usr/local/lib and /lib64: Additional libraries can be placed here for local or third-party software.

Please note that the above directory paths are general conventions and can vary depending on your specific Linux distribution. To find the location of a specific program or binary, you can use the which command (e.g., which ls) or the locate command (after updating the locate database with sudo updatedb). Additionally, you can check your system's documentation or distribution-specific resources for more information on directory structures and paths.